The Running Cycle :: Sport Run Running Athletics

There are two main phases to the running cycle Support and transport Recovery Support course This is the phase when the runner is touching the ground, and makes up about 30%-40% of the running cycle. Foot-strike The root touches the ground slightly ahead of the center of mass. When the foot contact occurs, several(prenominal) actions take place the knee flexes, the tibia internally rotates, the ankle plantar flexes, and the subtalar joint pronates (Miliron & Cavanagh, 1990). It is necessary to have a certain amount of pronation to disseminate the competency of the foot-strike. The foot during the foot-strike should be straight and in line with the direction of linear motion. If the feet are turned outward it reduces the distance covered, and puts more stress on the knees and humiliate extremities (Williams, 1990).Mid-support The foot transforms from a mobile structure into a rigid lever that supports several times the body weight of the runner. The shape of the bones and the tension on the ligaments, allows for the foot to remain rigid. The supination of the subtalor joint forms a rigid lever for forward propulsion. This occurs through a series of events including the knee joint ext stamp outing, the lower extremity rotates externally, the calcaneus inverts, the midtarsal joint locks, and the foot becomes a rigid lever.What is Supination? This is the opposite motion of pronation. This occurs when the ankle appears to be tipped to the outside so the weight is on the outside border of the foot. Supination allows the foot to be a more stable, rigid structure for pushing off of. The foot naturally supinates during the toe-off stage (when the heel first lifts off the ground until the end of the step) to provide more leverage and to help roll off the toes. Take-Off The the mid-support period ends with an uprising heel, and is called the take-off period.100 World Record Holder Florence Griffith Joyner in take-off periodForward Recovery Phase This is the phase when the runner is airborne and spends most of the time.

Book :: essays research papers

Anger is a very powerful emotion. Anger generates hostility and a loss of control. It gouge tear into a somebodys heart and ruin them. We see this in Norman Mailers book The Executioners Song. The main character, Gary Gilmore, demonstrates so much anger that his blind rage leads to murder. There are many sources of anger that lead Gary to commit the violent murders that he has. We see that Gary has a stage set of pent up anger in him. This is shown in a number of instances. When Gary Gilmore was first put in jail he was 22 years old. As we hear through his depiction of prison life he spent a lot of time in anchorite confinement and enjoyed telling pile of his hard-core criminal ways. He stabbed a man 57 times for no reason at all. While in jail, Gary is placed in solitary confinement for four years of his sentence because he is un competent to have normal relations with other convicts. This is not the behavior that a normal person exhibits. Gary also seems to be uncontrollable. He is proud of the fact that he had stolen. By the time he was 14, Gilmore said, hed broken into 50 houses. Maybe more. (354) Gilmore also states that he stole from stores, such as J.C. Penneys. He boasts about this to his cellmate Gibbs. He also picked fights frequently and fought very unfairly. In a rage Gary attacked Pete for making an bursting charge about Gary trying to get into a young girls pants. Pete was slammed on the neck from behind, by Gary. (124) Vern, Garys uncle who witnessed the fight, then questioned Garys manhood and integrity. other uncontrollable urge that Gary had was the desire to rape females. He tried to convince Rikki, a friend of his, to partake in this action. Besides not being able to control his sexual desires he was also abusive towards women when he became the slightest bit upset. Gary finally wedged her Nicole into the space between the bucket seats and got his hand over her mouthHe had his other hand on her throat to hold her down. (156) He was also very casual about slapping Nicole across the face when he gotangry. Once again this proves that his anger dictates his actions.Gary is also rather short with people. He tends to dismiss people rather quickly.

The Picture Behind The Story :: essays research papers

     The motivation in an individual is of great concern in becoming an puff up-educated person. I know that from my fathers "childhood" stories that self-motivation and motivation from relatives are what answer individuals to learn and prosper in their lives. My father didnt have any of this when he was younger. His motivation and energy were directed in another direction, the path to " I Dont headache Land". I believe that he still had in his heart somewhere the curiosity and the open-mindedness of a child like ambition. My father left mansion when he was sixteen, he had to lay himself unneurotic just to brave out in the world. If my father hadnt realized that he had to shape-up and get thing together he would have never gotten where he is today. When that childlike ambition broke threw my father he knew what he had to do, with this Im proud to say my father went back to get his GED to further is education. As the great Hellen Keller once said " Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experience of trial and torture can the soul be strengthened, ambition inspired, and success achieved." You have to pull yourself out of the gutter and keep on going as any well knowledgeable person would know.Next is the ability too direst and assist the learning touch on. Before the invention of reading and writing, people lived in an environment in which they struggled to survive against natural forces, animals, and other humans. Through direct, informal education, parents, elders, and priests taught children the skills and roles they would need as adults. In doing this they taught an ability to be direct and to assist in the process of a correct knowledgeable person. Education developed from the human struggle for survival and enlightenment. It may be formal or informal. Informal education refers to the general social process by which human beings acquire the knowledge and skills needed to function in their culture. Formal education refers to the process by which teachers instruct students in courses of study inwardly institutions. I know also, through my fathers stories, that even thought you are learning at school the best way to be an well-

Traveling West: Diary of Mary Graddy :: essays research papers

August 20th, 1821Today is a day of hope and of great anticipation. John, my husband, has told me we atomic number 18 to present to calcium tomorrow. We ar to leave our sm either, pitiful home here(predicate) in Massachusetts and find many opportunities in the west. We have heard of many custody who have traveled west and discovered gold. Gold covers California manage a blanket, they have told John. Our farm here leaves no opportunities for our family. Our two sons and three girls ar growing older and we wish for them to be prosperous. Not like now. Now, we have no money and our only value, our farm, is falling apart. I must pack very(prenominal) few belongings into our black Maria and we must be shit to leave with the others when the sun rises in the morning. The elder girls, Anna, who is fifteen, and Lucy, who is twelve, are to help with the cleaning and packing all day. Fannie, seven years old, is very sick, and has some sort of flu. The rectify costs money, which we dont have, so we are relying on our prayers and faith in perfection to help her. John and our two sons, William who is seventeen, and Andrew who is ten, are taking aid of all last minute details for the farm, and my brother from Virginia is arriving tonight with his wife and baby daughter to care for the farm while we are gone and they are to live here unless we return.August 23rd, 1821This is our third morning traveling and we are all keen and eager to see this great place called California. The oxen are behaving well, and I believe we will make it there in a few months. Fannie is passably break-dance and she has ceased crying throughout the night as she did out front we left. This is a sign from God. The Lord shall guide us through this and we shall overcome all obstacles and since Fannies fever has gone away I feel better about each new day. September 1st, 1821Eight days since I have indite and those days have been very relaxing. My children and I walk bes ide the wagon throughout the day and sing many joyous melodies. The weather is starting to cool pop up now and the breeze feels sensational as it whips through my hair and brushes over my skin.Traveling West Diary of Mary Graddy essays research papersAugust 20th, 1821Today is a day of hope and of great anticipation. John, my husband, has told me we are to leave to California tomorrow. We are to leave our small, pitiful home here in Massachusetts and find many opportunities in the west. We have heard of many men who have traveled west and discovered gold. Gold covers California like a blanket, they have told John. Our farm here leaves no opportunities for our family. Our two sons and three daughters are growing older and we wish for them to be prosperous. Not like now. Now, we have no money and our only value, our farm, is falling apart. I must pack very few belongings into our wagon and we must be ready to leave with the others when the sun rises in the morning. The elder girls, Anna, who is fifteen, and Lucy, who is twelve, are to help with the cleaning and packing all day. Fannie, seven years old, is very sick, and has some sort of flu. The doctor costs money, which we dont have, so we are relying on our prayers and faith in God to help her. John and our two sons, William who is seventeen, and Andrew who is ten, are taking care of all last minute details for the farm, and my brother from Virginia is arriving tonight with his wife and baby daughter to care for the farm while we are gone and they are to live here unless we return.August 23rd, 1821This is our third morning traveling and we are all anxious and eager to see this great place called California. The oxen are behaving well, and I believe we will make it there in a few months. Fannie is slightly better and she has ceased crying throughout the night as she did before we left. This is a sign from God. The Lord shall guide us through this and we shall overcome all obstacles and sin ce Fannies fever has gone away I feel better about each new day. September 1st, 1821Eight days since I have written and those days have been very relaxing. My children and I walk beside the wagon throughout the day and sing many joyous melodies. The weather is starting to cool down now and the breeze feels sensational as it whips through my hair and brushes over my skin.

Plot of Pride and Prejudice :: essays research papers

Mrs. white avens is anxious to have her five daughters marry into well houses. When a rich single, man Charles Bingley, arrives nearby, she urges her hubby to get to know him. The white avenss go to a ball in a town called Meryton, and are introduced to Charles Bingley. Everyone likes him but his friend, Fitzwilliam Darcy is found to be arrogant. Mr. Darcy doesnt dance with anyone out of doors his group, and he says that Elizabeth bennet is attractive, but not enough to tempt him.Mr. Bingley starts to admire Jane Bennet and his love deepens to the extent that Janes sisters and Mr. Darcy get concerned. Mr. Darcy is repelled by the familys abase status and an embarrassing family. Mr. Darcy, however, still be get ons interested in Elizabeths good-spirited character, and Mr. Bingleys jealous disapproval do nothing to lessen Mr. Darcys interest.Caroline asks Jane to come to Netherfield. On the way there, Jane catches a cold and is forced to stay. Mrs. Bennet loves this information b ecause she will use any means to push her daughter onto Mr. Bingley. Janes instruct worsens, and Elizabeth goes to Netherfield instead. Her concern for her sister and her intellect interest Mr. Darcy even more, but he is afraid of falling in love with someone who is so much poorer.Mr. Bennets estate at Longbourn is supposed to go to Mr. Collins, a clergyman, because Mr. Bennet doesnt have a son and Mr. Collins is the nearest male relative. Mr. Bennet sends his cousin on a chore to Meryton with his daughters. There they meet George Wickham, a handsome militia officer. At an evening party, Wickham tells Elizabeth his life story. Wickhams story makes Darcy port arrogant and cruel, and Elizabeth start to have a prejudice against Mr. Darcy from then on. At another ball, Elizabeth resents Wickhams absence. Later on she is also embarrassed by her family. Mrs. Bennet refuses to stop talking about what a good couple Jane and Mr. Bingley will make. On the other hand, Mary Bennet bores t he whole company by hard to play the piano. Mr. Collins, suddenly, proposes to Elizabeth at the ball and she rejects. Mr. Collins doesnt believe that Elizabeth is intently refusing him, but after Mr. and Mrs. Bennet explain it to him, he seems to understand.The whole Bingley party, all of a sudden, leaves Netherfield to go to London. Caroline Bingley writes to Jane that they dont mean to return for the whole winter, and she tells her what a good couple Georgiana Darcy and Mr.

Plot of Pride and Prejudice :: essays research papers

Mrs. Bennet is anxious to have her five daughters marry into well houses. When a rich single, piece of music Charles Bingley, arrives nearby, she urges her husband to get to know him. The Bennets go to a b every in a town called Meryton, and are introduced to Charles Bingley. Everyone likes him but his friend, Fitzwilliam Darcy is found to be arrogant. Mr. Darcy doesnt dancing with anyone outside his group, and he says that Elizabeth Bennet is attractive, but not enough to tempt him.Mr. Bingley starts to admire Jane Bennet and his love deepens to the extent that Janes sisters and Mr. Darcy get concerned. Mr. Darcy is repelled by the familys lower status and an embarrassing family. Mr. Darcy, however, still becomes interested in Elizabeths good-spirited character, and Mr. Bingleys jealous disapproval do nothing to lessen Mr. Darcys interest.Caroline asks Jane to come to Netherfield. On the way there, Jane catches a cold and is forced to stay. Mrs. Bennet loves this information bec ause she will use any means to push her daughter onto Mr. Bingley. Janes condition worsens, and Elizabeth goes to Netherfield instead. Her concern for her sister and her intellect interest Mr. Darcy even more, but he is afraid of falling in love with someone who is so some(prenominal) poorer.Mr. Bennets estate at Longbourn is supposed to go to Mr. Collins, a clergyman, because Mr. Bennet doesnt have a son and Mr. Collins is the nearest mannish relative. Mr. Bennet sends his cousin on a chore to Meryton with his daughters. There they meet George Wickham, a handsome militia officer. At an evening party, Wickham tells Elizabeth his life legend. Wickhams story makes Darcy look arrogant and cruel, and Elizabeth start to have a prejudice against Mr. Darcy from then on. At another ball, Elizabeth resents Wickhams absence. Later on she is also embarrassed by her family. Mrs. Bennet refuses to stop talking about what a good couple Jane and Mr. Bingley will make. On the other hand, Mar y Bennet bores the whole company by trying to play the piano. Mr. Collins, suddenly, proposes to Elizabeth at the ball and she rejects. Mr. Collins doesnt believe that Elizabeth is intently refusing him, but after Mr. and Mrs. Bennet explain it to him, he seems to understand.The whole Bingley party, all of a sudden, leaves Netherfield to go to London. Caroline Bingley writes to Jane that they dont mean to return for the whole winter, and she tells her what a good couple Georgiana Darcy and Mr.

Perspectives on Divorce

in that respect are many bumps of the brain that effect the way we live and act every single day. There is the frontal lobe which controls planning, organizing, coordinating and controls movements, reasoning and the over every(prenominal) thinking process. I have used my frontal lobe today when I decided to write this es translate, and how I was deprivation to set it up. There is the temporal lobe which controls hearing. I used this today when I listened to my Ipod in the halls.There is the cerebellum which controls balance, movement, and coordination. I used this today when I tried to bound during lunch (key word tried.. ). There is in addition the occipital lobe which controls vision. I used this today when I read a book during English. The possibly intimately important part of the brain is the medulla, which controls vital functions. I used this today when I had to go from the first floor to the third floor, and I had to catch my breath.When volume say your eyes dont entra nce, your nose doesnt smell, your tongue doesnt taste, your ears dont hear, and your skin doesnt touch your brain does it all they are saying although we associate all of those senses with their respective body part really we cant see, touch, taste and so on without our brain first processing it and telling our bodies what is going on. 2) The psychoanalytical berth says someone whitethorn bulge a split up because their parents had gotten a divorce, so thats what the have seen is normal.This perspective says that many behaviors are based on childhood experiences. If someone grew up with divorced parents, they would see that that is an acceptable way to live their life and non see a problem with it. Also, the psychoanalytical perspective looks at the impulses and desires of a person, someone might pee a divorce because their ID tells them they want to have multiple partners, and not want to be in a committed relationship. The behavioristic perspective is based on rewards and puni shments.Based on this theory someone may get a divorce because they might be punished by hitching in of the relationship. Their parents may not be a fan of their spouse, and may threaten to cut them off communications and write them out of the will if they stay in the relationship. The person may find this a deal they cant turn down, so they would divorce their partner in order to stay in the good graces of their family. The biological perspective looks at the brain as the reason people make decisions.They would say that at that place is a chemical imbalance in the brain, therefore the person cannot stay happily in their marriage. They could also say that the person has depression, due to an imbalance of serotonin, and could not be happy with their spouse, so they would need to get treated, or keep perusing the divorce. The cognitive perspective believes that divorce would be based on the individuals unique thinking process. The person may have unclear thoughts on their spouse, a nd cannot simulacrum out what they want in their marriage.The cognitive perspective would not blame any external forces, they would simply say their brain told them to, so they did. They might also say their brain does not make good judgment, and at the time of the marriage there was a lapse in judgment. The humanistic perspective would say the person needed personal growth, and was tied down in the marriage. The person would see themselves happier without being with their spouse. They would say that the person simply wanted to get a divorce, so they did, and wouldnt add much more to it than that.The sociocultural perspective would say that the divorce rate in America is 51%, so the person sees it culturally acceptable to get a divorce. They would say they have seen so many of their peers getting divorced, it seems normal. So they might not work to work out their problems, they on the nose get a divorce because thats what over half of America is doing. Eclecticism is an approach t hat uses more than one theory to explain how or why something happens. This inclination would be beneficial to describing human behavior because there are many contributing factors in peoples decision making.They might do something for multiple reasons, using divorce as an example, a person might have grown up in a divorced home, but they also might have a cheating spouse, and a chemical imbalance in the brain. Their reason for divorce cant simply be explained by the psychoanalytic, behavioristic, or biological perspective. But when you use all of the perspectives together you can get a clear understanding of why they got a divorce. Human behavior cannot be explained with only one perspective because there are many contributing factors to the decisions people make.

Reality of Business and HR Strategy Essay

Strategic HRM is an approach that defines how the organisations goals will be achieved through people by means of HR strategies and integrated HR policies and practices (Armstrong, 2009). The boilers suit aim of strategical HRM is to maximise the firms performance by making sure solely employees are of high calibre and committed to achieving the organisations rivalrous advantage. Within HRM it is not clear how to best link strategic HRM to the organisations strategy. The main argument involves cardinal different approaches best fit and best practice. The best fit strategy involves organisations accommodate their HR strategies around the organisations strategies and needs. Whereas the latter suggests that organisations will be more successful if they adopt best practices within the work place (Boxall and Purcell, 2008). Best practice, a form of universalism, is based around the theory that high commitment will reflect the organisations high performance train regardless of the f irms competitive strategy (Torrington et al, 2011). This is demonstrated in Guests model (1989) Theory of HRM. The model is built around four main HR goals commitment, flexibility, quality and strategic integration, the theory being if all goals are achieved then the organisations performance will be enhanced.Pfeffer (1998), also a supporter, progresses the said theory by claiming policies such as high spending on training, high wages directly linked to performance will determine a high level of commitment and performance. Another criticism of best practice theory is that it is difficult to accept that there is an overall best practice for every organisation . bingle practice may have been successful and effective for an organisation does not mean that it will work for every organisation (Armstrong, 2006). This factor helps show that when analysing communication channel and hr within all organisations best practice is impossible to achieve as every organisations situations are dif ferent. Torrington et al (2011), dispute the validity of the theory by arguing that a simple model cannot realistically meet the complexity that comes with managing staff. As well as universalist the approach is also unitarist, as it presumes that all management have to do is follow a set of policies and it will automatically achieve high performance, and that workers will obeythis without question. In reality this is a lot more complicated to re-enact. Hofstede (1980), as cited by Boxall and Purcell, also argues that it would be extremely difficult to design a set of practices due to extreme differences amongst countries and cultures.Furthermore, best practice may benefit executives but on shareholders and waged employees expense. An example being, it may put in place a generous prolixity package for executives and typically employees lose out. It can be argued that the most sustainable HRM practices are those which benefit the organisation as a whole such as best fit (Boxall and Purcell, 2008). In a addition to these arguments, Boxall and Purcell (2011) cite studies by MacDuffie (1995) and Ichniowski and Snow (1999) which suggest that best practice is impossible to achieve when comparing two industrial firms. Although many theorists would argue that best fit is the most applicable for most organisations, best practice should not be completely overlooked as Becker and Gerhart (1996) state that it may be more appropriate for identifying the principles underlying the choice of practices, as opposed to the practices themselvesReferencesArmstrong (2009) Armstrongs Handook of Human Resource perplexity Practice capital of the United Kingdom Koogan Boxall, P & Purcell, J (2011) Strategy and Human Resource Management 3rd Edition Hampshire Palgrave MacMillan Becker, B E and Gerhart, S (1996) The Impact of Human Resource Management on Organisational Performance Progress and Prospects Academy of Management Journal 39 (4), Page 779-801 Hall, L, Taylor L. & Torrington, D. (2008) Human Resource Management 7th Edition London apprentice Hall

History of Rev War

The cry of soda enquired into Educational analysis in seventeenth-century New England. History of Education Quarterly, 13(1), 3-22. Lang, Harry G. Genesis of a Community The American Deaf Experience in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. In J. Van Clever (Deed. ). The Deaf History Reader. Washington, DC Gladdest university Press, 2007. 1 . The American Indian construe of the compound missionaries curve on the education of the Indian is how the colonial missionaries changed their norm behaviors where they had to change their beliefs to the European culture (ColonialMissionaries and Their instills, 2004, p. 1 5). Also, they correlated the Indian dally living of cleanliness, lack of discipline for the children (Colonial Missionaries and Their Schools, 2004, p. 1 5). I feel that the quote that said by H. G. Wells was relevant to the Indian communities at that time period since the colonial missionaries changed and controlled the Indian lifestyle by Glenn them better education a nd lifestyle.The article, Colonial Missionaries and Their Schools, explained that most of the Indian children who were taught by the missionaries were separated from their parents nice the Indian parents did not understand the influence that the missionaries had for the Indian children (p. 16). One point was mentioned In the article about how confused the Indians were when they were the victims of the missionaries and Christians cheated and sexually abused them since they were preached about the missionaries practice and cheated and sexually abused were not allowed (Colonial Missionaries and Their Schools, 2004, p. 6). The smear where the Indian were cheated and sexually abused by the missionaries and Christians led catastrophe in hat they were taught by the missionaries. 2. The religion played a special role in the Puritan efforts to establish formal schooling in America by set up a high educational standard where their children are boffo as their parents are. Puritans did not ac cept every failures. (The cry of Soda enquired into Educational analysis in seventeenth-century New England,1973, p. ) We are experience the same thing right away without much of religious involvements. The parents today want to see their children to succeed In their education and have bright futures. Also, parents Ely on teachers and school to help their children In schoolman where the teachers are constantly encouraging the children to go for their dreams by dream big. Teachers of the deaf can learn from the Puritan educational efforts about literacy by continuing to advocate the deaf students to read and write where they can eventually Improve their English. 3.People with disabilities during the asses and early asses were treated badly where they were chained to the wall since the people did not know how to take aim care of them. People with disabilities were treated wish an here doctors who had better knowledge knew how to take care of them where they were also being observ ed based on their behaviors. From practice about Isaac Kilojoules, Matthew and Sarah Pratt, Andrew Brown and Jonathan Lambert, I learned that all of them became part of a religious and the Puritans accepted disabilities for who they are without any Judgments.Also, the church did allow deaf marriages without any restriction. 4. subscribe lyric poem in the American colonies before the Revolutionary War show that it was only used in the level of abstraction and used bosom the people who were already here in America after the generation that founding of Plymouth colony. Before Revolutionary War was the time period where sign language as American Sign Language, history of deaf literacy before the education for the deaf was established.Sign language gave the deaf American colonies the ability to communicate with each other. Sign language gave the deaf the abilities to have education and be able to understand what being learned. 5. The efforts that the deaf children where educated in t he American colonies were that they were sending o school like Broadsword Academy or private education. The deaf children were known as deaf and dumb during that time period, but each one had the abilities and skills in contrary academic areas.For example, John Boiling was good at Geography and Arithmetic Globe and the father of Charles Green reported after Charles two years at Broadsword Academy has improvement in the construction of language, and in writing he has made a good beginning in arithmetic. Children who were private education like William Mercer was able to succeed in his life since he had the skill for minting which was found through the years located.

Traditional vs Non Traditional

Robyn CampbellCampbell 1 English 101 Professor Beckham March 19, 2013 Traditional Students vs. Non Traditional Students A non tralatitious assimilator testament transition into college better than a conventional student due to tout ensembleotted responsibility and independence on their part. A non traditional student has a more than serious approach where as a traditional student lacks focus in their first steps as an adult. The demographic of a student has changed everywhere the years. A college student is non typically eighteen years old and living in a dorm on campus some(prenominal)more.A college student is over the period of twenty five and a single parent in some cases. They have family and financial obligations and possibly a full time handicraft. Some whitethorn not even possess a high school diploma, but a GED. Both traditional and non traditional students have responsibilities outside of college. While the bulk of students right out of high school pass on likely only have a part time job, students twenty five and older will be juggling far more. A traditional student will continue to live with parents and not worry too much financially.As a non traditional student, not only will most have a full time job, but a family to care for, a mortgage, and a car recompense on top of the straighten out and homework time. It is estimated that only 13% of new(a)er students are currently working vs. 60% of non traditional students (ACSFA 17). Although newfangled adults have less(prenominal) baggage entering into college, they tend to think more socially and independent than academically. This brings up the topic of reputation. As a non traditional student, starting college can be frightening.Most older students are friendly, but outgoing and wanting to win friends with everyone in class is not top priority on the list. As a young adult transitions from high school, a social atmosphere, college is considered to be no different. Some students from ce rtain high schools will attend the same college so social minute continues. As far as a non traditional student, grades are more important than making a best friend or being invited to parties. As a younger student, social life could set you cover. As an older student, this has already been achieved and allows for more participation due to more life experience.There are challenges in life that can throw anyone off the right track. Unfortunately, adding college into the mix only makes it that much inviolableer. Challenges can be very much related to responsibility and how a student is affected socially. Non traditional students worry about not fitting in where traditional students worry more about making it to class on time, wether even at all. As a student returning to college after several years, there is anxiety and a fear that this is the last chance to make something of yourself.If you provided got out of high school, chances are there was hardly any studying going on there, so why start right away? At the same time an older student needs to juggle school, a job, and family, a younger student needs to juggle school, a job, and have a social life. As a young adult, the social life is what is the most distracting, leading to missed classes and poor grades. Transitioning from high school to college can be just as difficult as being out of high school for several years and starting college. Independence is the key part of starting college.As a young adult, this means adjusting to your own schedule and now being able to do as you please. As an older adult, this means more responsibility added to the list. ripen difference will determine on adjusting to college. Some will argue that the young crowd is very immature. They may adjust socially, but they do not see this as an adult experience. Arriving on time may have been a slap on the wrist in the past, but what they dont realize is now its nothing but time and money. Someone who has had independence for lo nger than a year is going to see college similar to having started a life story already.Focusing in class and on assignments is harder for a traditional student than a non traditional student. After taking care of social time at night, a younger student is less likely to come to class, let alone pay attention. Due to lack of time because of the overwhelming feeling of too much going on, young adults take less time to complete assignments to the best of their ability. As a non traditional student, school comes first. Good grades are important and attendance is needed to maintain the required academic standards.The only thing on a young students mind is getting by with the bare minimum and getting a job somewhere. Students who have spent most of their working days at a dead end job, barely supporting themselves and their family are looking for a career to servicing them adjust to the economy as it changes frequently. Focus goes along with how a student does academically. Although so me may say, non traditional students have less time to study, traditional students make it less of a priority. To do well academically, study time is required. Time management is very important to achieve this on top of all other aspects of life.A non-traditional student does not have the luxury of wasting time. This is a time to learn and may be their last time to work hard and have a decent career. The government offers financial aid to almost everyone. Parents of this past generation have made sure they went to college themselves and were able to provide for their children. some(prenominal) scholarships during high school are given out. That is not the case for older, more independent students. There isnt a free ride involved when you go back to college after years of working a full time job.In Marion Bowls, Experiencing the barriers non-traditional students entering higher education, she states that these financial hurdles delay the progress of non traditional students (p. 157) . There isnt any help from parents. As an older adult, realizing the amount of money that is being used for your education and knowing it will come out of your pocket wether now or in the future, makes it that much more important to do well. It is not fun to pay for college later on and have nothing to show for it. With the continued help of our college professors and mentors, non traditional students will do better than they are now in school.Doing things the old fashion way may be the route taken, but it allows for worthy learning, reading, and writing. Taking a short cut just to get the work done does not necessarily mean a good grade or a future career. Works Cited Bowl, Marion. Experiencing the barriers non traditional students entering higher education. Research Papers and Education 16. 2 (2001) pp. 141-160. Web. 10 March 2013. Advisor Committee on Student Financial Assistance. Pathways to Success. Washington D. C. Advisor Committee. 2012. Print.

Imperialism in Africa and India

Section 1 A Scramble For Africa European grounds needed to fuel industrial production Competed for new markets for goods and took huge interest in Africa Imperialism- Seizure of a country or dirt by a stronger country o Occurred end-to-end most of Africa o Europe came in and dominated Mid 1800s Africans divided into ethnic and linguistic groups Some metamorphoseed to Islam and Christianity Most kept traditions and theology For 400 social classs African army able to keep Europeans out Until late 1800s Europe only dominated coast of Africa Couldnt voyage rivers Disease also kept them out Specialized trade networks Introduction of steam positioned river boats allowed Europeans to dominate more of Africas interior Those who did get in were against slave trade People learned about Africa through their customaryations The Congo Sparks Interest Dr. David Livingstone traveled with group of Africans into deep Africa to promote Christianity Several years bypast and peo ple thought he was dead Henry Stanley went to find him and succeeded Stanley wanted to trace course of Congo River In 1879 and 1882 Stanley write treaties with local chiefs of the Congo River valley Gave King Leopold II of Belgium take for of these vote downs Leopold II claimed wanted to abolish slave trade and promote Christianity Brutally exploited Africans by forcing them to collect sap from rubberise plants About 10 million Africans died due to abuse In 1908 Belgian govt. took go for of Congo away from king Congo 80x larger than Belgium This alarmed France because they had signed treated that gave them arrest of north bank of Congo Soon More European and Latin American countries began to claim parts of Africa Forces Driving Imperialism Industrial change drove European countries to obtain more land European countries searched for more markets Europeans viewed themselves as the greatest nation and race Racism- the belief that one race is passe-partout to other s Social Darwinism- theory that those who were fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and success and were superior to others Non-Europeans on lower scale of cultural and physical incurment because didnt make technological progress Europeans thought was their job to bring advancements to other countries European missionaries sought to convert lands to Christianity Hoped Christianity would bring end to evil practices like slave trade overly wanted to civilize landsFactors promoting Imperialism in Africa Europeans technological superiority Europeans had guns Europeans had steam engines that allowed them to control deep Africa Europeans had railroads, cables, and steamships that allowed them to communicate within liquidation and to controlling nation Drug quinine prevented Europeans from catching diseases Africa wasnt unified due to diversity and wars fought between different ethnic groups Divison of Africa Discoveries of diamonds and gold in south Africa increased Europe ans interest in conquering Africa All European countries became part of raceBerlin conference divides Africa Berlin Conference- 14 European nations who met to lay d receive rules for the course of instruction of Africa Competition between European countries Any country could conquer land but had to notify other European countries How Africans felt about it wasnt a factor Didnt have attention to how ethnic and linguistic groups in Africa were distributed By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia were free from European control Demand for Raw Materials Shapes Colonies During colonization Europeans believed Africans would buy their goods Only some Africans did this Businesses still needed edged materials Greatest wealth obtained from Africa was large mineral sources Congo contained copper and tin This nothing compared to diamonds and gold in south Africa true cash crop peanuts, cover oil, cocoa, and rubber Replaced food crops needed by farmers to feed families Three Groups Clash over South Africa Zulu chief, Shaka used highly check warriors and good military organization to create large centralized state Shakas successors unable to keep control Zulu nation eventually fell to British controlBoers and British Settle in the ness Boers- Dutch settlers (Boer=farmer in Dutch) who took Africans land and established large farms When British took control of Cape Colony there was clash over British policy of slaves and land Boers moved north in Great Trek to escape from British Started fight fiercely with Zulu and other African groups whose land was getting taken When Diamonds and gold found in south Africa Boers act to keep outsiders from gaining political rights British tried to rebel against Boers and failed Boers rose against British in Boer war The war was brutal (no mercy) Many black southern Africans also participated Many were captured and put in British concentration camps Britain won war Europeans make efforts to change political, so cial and economic lives of people they conquered Section 2 Imperialism Imperialism of 18th and 19th century different than previous imperialism Europeans demanded more influence over all aspects of African lives Determined to shape economies to help benefit European economies Wanted people to adopt European customsForms of visit 4 types o Colony- a country or territory governed internally by a foreign power o Protectorate- A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power o Sphere of influence- an area in which and outside power claims single(a) investment or trading privileges o Economic imperialism- an independent but slight developed country controlled by private business interests sort of than other govts. Also had direct and indirect control Britain and U. S. preferred indirect France and most other European nations preferred direct collateral control o Relied on existing political rulers o Rulers adopted British Autho rity o Rulers handled much of daily management of colony o Each colony had legislative council ? Colonial officials ? Local merchants ? Professionals ? Colonial governor Direct Control French and other European didnt think Africans could run country Paternalism- the sentiment that the people in authority restrict freedoms to their subordinates for the subordinates good Gave them needs but not rights Europeans brought in own bureaucrats Didnt train Africans in European methods of govt. Assimilation- the musical theme that the local population would adopt the superior culture in order to become more like them Africans adopted French culture All schools, courts, and businesses copy after French institutions In practice idea of assimilation abandoned French resided to indirect control Recognized African culture but axiom it as inferior Indirect Control Direct control Local govt. fficials used Foreign officials brought in to rule Limited egotism-rule No self rule Goal to develop future leaders Goal assimilation Govt. institutions ground on European styles but may have Govt. institutions are based only on European styles local rules A British Colony Britain gained control of southern Nigeria Some local rulers agreed to sign treaties of protection and arrogate British residents Others opposed intervention and rebelled against it British defeated disorders Royal Niger Comp. gained control of palm oil trade over Niger River Delta In 1914 British claimed entire Nigeria as colony Managing the Colony Nigeria culturally diverse Three main groups were o Hausa-Fulani ? Muslim ? Had strong central govt. o Yoruba Followed traditional religion ? Relied on chiefs for control o Igbo ? Same as Yoruba Didnt have enough British troops to govern such complex area British resided to indirect control Worked well with Hausa-Fulani but not with other two groups Local chiefs of Yoruba and Igbo resented limited power African Resistance Africans resist ed European attempts to colonize But Europeans had more mature weaponry Therefore, Africans didnt succeed in most cases Unsuccessful Movements There was resistance and resistance through religious movements Algerias almost 50 year resistance against France West Africas Samori Toures 16 year resistance against France African villagers resisted Germans in spiritual defense o Believed magic water would let go of Germans bullets to water o 20 groups came together and fought against Germans o Fighters believed God and their ancestors would return to life and assist them o Over 75,000 Africans died o doubly that some Africans died in famine to follow o Germans shocked and passed some reformsEthiopia A successful Resistance Only African nation that successfully resisted Europeans Menelik II- became emperor moth of Ethiopia in 1889 Successfully played Italians, French, and British against each other Built up large arsenal of modern weapons he purchased from Russia and France M enelik II signed pact with Italy while Italians were invading the country Menelik II declared war in 1896 Battle of Adowa was largest battle in history of Africa Ethiopians won and kept independence bequest of Colonial Rule Negative effects Africans lost control of land and independence o Lost many people to disease and rebellion o Famine o Breakdown of traditional culture o Traditional authorities replaced o Homes and properties transferred o People lost jobs o Identity issues o Division of Africa o Unnaturally divided groups o No Unity Positive Effects o Local warfare reduced o sanitisation improved o Hospitals o Schools o Lifespans increased o Literacy increased o Economic expansion o Railroads, dams, telephone, telegraph lines built in Africa o However, this only really benefited the EuropeansSection 4 British Imperialism in India Area controlled by East India Company grew overtime Both directly and indirectly governed southern India, Bangladesh, and territory along Gan ges River in north British govt. regulated East India company Company ruled India without British interference until 19th century Had own army with British officers Sepoys- Indian soldiers Army was dangerous because could easily turn against British Britains Jewel in the Crown Industrial revolution dark Britain into worlds workshop India supplied Britain with many raw supplies Indias 3,000,000 people also large potential market for British made goods India was brightest jewel in crown because it was the most valuable of all Britains colonies British made restrictions that prevented Indian economy from operating on its own Indians could only produce raw materials for Britain Indians were not allowed to compete with Britain British Transport Trade Goods Railroad system built in India India became more valuable Most of raw materials transported included o Tea o Indigo o Coffee o Cotton Jute o Opium Sold trade opium for tea from China Sold tea in England Impact of Colon ialism Negative impact on India British held most of economical and political power British restricted Indian owned industries Many villagers couldnt be self sufficient due to emphasis on cash crop Food production reduced Famine Racism Forced variety to Christianity Positive impact on India Had worlds third largest railroad system Railroad system united brought modern economy that India Sanitation and public health improved India modernized by railroads, telephones, telegraphs, dams, bridges, irrigation canals Schools and collages founded Literacy increased Idea cleared of bandits Local welfare amongst competing rulers The Sepoy Mutiny British controlled most of India Believed British were trying to convert Indians to Christianity There was so much racism Nationalist idea emerged The Indians decided to rebel Gossip spread amongst sepoys that the cartridges of their new rifles were greased with beef and pork toothsome To use cartridges Indians had to bite off e nds Cows were sacred to them and Muslims didnt eat pork so they were very angered Soldiers who refused cartilages were imprisoned Next day they rebelled Sepoy Munity- rebellion of the Indian soldiers Uprising spread from Delhi to much of northern India British and sepoys tried to slaughter each others armies Took company more than a year to regain control of country Indians couldnt unite against British due to weak leadership and conflict between Hindus and Muslims Hindus preferred British rule over Muslim ruleTurning catamenia After munity Britain took direct control over India Raj- British rule after India came under British crown during reign of Queen Victoria To reward many princes who stayed loyal to company during munity, Britain promised to respect all treaties they had with them Also promised that Indian states that were still free would remain independent Regardless, British gained control of free states unofficially Munity render racist attitudes of British Munity increased distrust between Indians and British Hindus and Muslims felt they were being ruined under British rule Nationalism Surfaces in India In early 1800s some Indians began demanding modernization break up Mohum Roy, a modern thinking, well educated Indian began campaign to move away from traditional Indian practices Ram Mohum Roy believed that if practices werent changed India would continue to be controlled by outsiders Ram Mohum Roys writings inspired other Indians to press for social reforms and adopt western slipway Nationalist feelings also began to surface in India Indians hated system that made them second class citizens in own country Made much less money than British workers Nationalist groups form 2 nationalist groups formed o Indian National Congress in 1885 o Muslim group discussion in 1906 ? Focused on Indians concerns ? Wanted self government ? Divided in to Hindu and Muslim section ? Separation made it hard for them to unite in calling for indep endence ? In 1911 British regained control and divided them differently Conflict over Indian control act to develop between Indians and British Key Terms Imperialism- Seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country African goods copper, tin, gold, diamonds, rubber, cocoa, palm oil, and peanuts Racism- the belief that one race is superior to others Social Darwinism- theory that those who were fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and success and were superior to others Berlin Conference- 14 European nations who met to lay down rules for the division of Africa Shaka- was a Zulu chief used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create large centralized state in South Africa.His successors werent as successful Boers- Dutch settlers (Boer=farmer in Dutch) who took Africans land and established large farms Boer War- War between British and Boers over land and minerals in which British won Colony- a country or territory governed internally by a foreig n power Protectorate- A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power Sphere of influence- an area in which and outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges Economic imperialism- an independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other govts. Indirect Control Direct control Local govt. officials used Foreign officials brought in to rule Limited self-rule No self rule Goal to develop future leaders Goal assimilation Govt. institutions based on European styles but may have Govt. institutions are based only on European styles local rules India was brightest jewel in crown because it was the most valuable of all Britains colonies Indian goods Tea, Indigo, Coffee, Cotton, Jute, and Opium Menelik II- became emperor of Ethiopia in 1889.He was the only one who was successful at preventing his state (Ethiopia) from being conquered. Sepoys- Indian soldiers Sepoy Mun ity- rebellion of the Indian soldiers Raj- British rule after India came under British crown during reign of Queen Victoria Ram Mohum Roy- a modern thinking, well educated Indian began campaign to move away from traditional Indian practices and bring nationalism Paternalism- the idea that the people in authority restrict freedoms to their subordinates for the subordinates good Assimilation- the idea that the local population would adopt the superior culture in order to become more like them

Action Plan for Effective Listening

Action Plan for Effective Listening Please respond to the following Discussion 1 Action Plan for Effective Listening. Create a formalized action plan with specific steps describing what you can do to evaluate your progress in becoming an effective listener. Look at the take action plan in Thinking Activity 3. 4 and you must review the Eight steps of effective listening before you are qualified to answer this question. Students will respond to the followingDescribe exactly what you will do to improve your listening. Must show steps that relate to improving listening. It takes a lot of concentration and determination to be an active listener. Old habits are hard to break, and if your listening habits are as bad as many peoples are, and then theres a lot of habit-breaking to do Be deliberate with your listening and remind yourself frequently that your goal is to truly hear what the other person is saying. Set past all other thoughts and behaviors and concentrate on the message.Ask questions, reflect, and paraphrase to ensure you understand the message. If you dont, then youll find that what someone says to you and what you hear can be astonishingly different Describe when and where you will try to improve your listening (days/times/places). Must be specific. I would start using active listening today to become a better communicator, improve my workplace productivity, and develop better relationships. Describe specifically how you will check your progress.Must be specific. Being an actively empathic listener means, then, that you not only make sure youre actively paying attention but that you let the speaker you know you are. You ask questions when youre not clear on what the other person is communicating, you try to infer what the person is feeling, and you let the person know that you remember what he or she actually said. You neer drift off into la-la land, and your face doesnt assume that of a computer in sleep mode.

Personnel of Establishment (Hrm)

3. 1 personnel of the Establishment Manager cover to Owner surgical incision Administration Duties& responsibilities 1. Estimate intellectual nourishment for thought consumption, place orders with suppliers, and schedule delivery of fresh solid forage and beverages. 2. Resolve customer complaints about f ar prime(prenominal) or supporter. 3. Direct cleaning of kitchen and dining beas to take note sanitation standards, and confirm appropriate records. 4. Monitor actions of staff and customers to ensure that health and gumshoe standards and liquor regulations are obeyed. 5. Maintain budget and employee records, prepare payroll, and pay bills, or monitor bookkeeping records. . May use reck mavinr software to monitor inventory, track staff schedules and pay, and perform another(prenominal)(a) record keeping tasks. 7. Recruit, hire, and oversee planning for staff. 8. Schedule hold up hours for administerrs and kitchen staff. 9. Monitor fare supplying and methods. serve rs/Waitress storey to Manager/Supervisor segment diet and beverage Duties & responsibilities 1. Greeting Customers 2. Offering and serving Beverages & Appetizer 3. Taking and serving repasts orders 4. Continued service 5. Delivering the check and accepting payments 6. Provide proper dining service etiquette when serving meals 7.Preparing the dining way for meal service set tables, set up service areas, refill condiments be sure dining way and altogether service pieces are clean. 8. Clear tables, wipe tables and chairs or replace stemmans and wipe condiment containers. Qualifications 1. Dining room service experience preferably in a hotel or resort 2. Possess a agreeable and outgoing personality. 3. Detail oriented 4. business leader to work morning, nights, workweekends, and holidays. 5. Must have the index to read, write and get in English. 6. Ability to grasp, lift, carry or otherwise move materials weighing up to 70 pounds eating house Supervisor Report to Manager segm ent Administration Duties & responsibilities 1. Maintain complete knowledge of and surveil with all departmental policies/service procedures/standards. 2. Maintain complete knowledge of correct maintenance and use of equipment. Use equipment still as intended. 3. Anticipate guests needs, respond promptly and acknowledge all guests, however busy and whatever cadence of day. 4. .Maintain positive guest relations at all ms 5. Resolve guest complaints, ensuring guest cheer 6. Check storage areas for proper supplies, organization and cleanliness. Complete requisition for additional supplies demand and submit to Manager. ascertain(p) designated personnel to rectify any cleanliness/organization deficiencies. 7. Meet with the Chef to review daily specials and 86d items update board throughout shift. 8. Complete all paperwork and closing duties in accordance with departmental standards. 9. Review status of subsidisations and any reassessment action with Manager and/or on-coming Super visor Qualification 1. Minimum 21 years of age to dish up alcoholic beverages 2. 2 years experience as Room Service Server 3. Knowledge of miscellaneous food service styles (i. e. , French service, Russian service, Family Style service, Butler Style service). . Must have comfortably understanding of the English language set Report to decision maker Chef Department F&B Department Duties & responsibilities 1. make waters and cooks meats, fish, vegetables, gravies, cereals, soups, fruits, bakery products and other forms of food. 2. Prepares and cooks food for special diets from recipes formulated by qualified personnel. 3. Assists in on-the-job re achievement and assist in directing the work of food service workers, students and other employees within area of assignment 4. Assists in the preparation of salads and desserts 5. Notifies supervisor of food and supplies needed.Checks in food and supplies as necessary. Maintains food business records. 6. Maintains level best standa rds of sanitation and condom. Qualification 1. Ability to stand for long periods of time 2. Ability to lift up to 50 pounds. 3. Ability to provide on-the-job training in food preparation to lower level employees. 4. Ability to maintain effective working relationships with others 5. Ability to read, write and follow instructions functionwasher Report to till/Supervisor Department Duties & Responsibilities 1. Sets up and cleans dish machine area checks temperatures and soap dispensing levels 2.Stores clean equipment and utensils 3. Assists in maintaining preparation and service areas in a sanitary condition 4. Empties garbage to dump site 5. Sweeps and mops floor 6. Operates a dish machine to wash dishes, glasses, cups, trays, silverware and food service equipments Qualifications 1. Must possess effective listening skills and the ability to communicate in a clear and concise manner 2. Ability to work independently as well as work as part of team Janitor Report to Manager/Supervisor Department Duties & Responsibilities 1. Cleaning toilets, sweeping/mopping floors, cleaning up spills cleaning as a whole. . Operate and keep up machines used on the job such as wet and dry vacuums, buffers, and polishers. Executive Chef Report to Manager/ Supervisor Department F&B Department Duties and Responsibilities 1. Supervise food production 2. Prepare food daily as adumbrate on the Food Production Worksheet 3. Maintain kitchen sanitation and safety standards 4. Assist with set-up, service and clean-up of food production 5. Ensure proper sanitation and storage of kitchen equipment 6. Assist with safety and training procedures in handling of food service 7. Must be able to manage a staff of 10-15 associates Qualifications . Sanitation Certificate 2. Minimum of 5 years previous Chef experience like 3. previous Health Care Food Service experience preferred 4. Understanding of working with older community 5. Ability to work first morning or evening shifts Sous Chef Report to Executive Chef Department F&B Department Duties and Responsibilities 1. Supervise food production 2. Prepare food daily as outlined on the Food Production Worksheet 3. Maintain kitchen sanitation and safety standards. 4. Assist with set-up, service and clean-up of food production 5. Ensure proper sanitation and storage of kitchen equipment 6.Assist with safety and training procedures in handling of food service equipment 7. Ensure compliance with state local and regulatory agencies as it relates to Food Service Qualifications 1. high school School diploma or equivalent needful 2. Sanitation Certificate 3. Previous Chef experience preferred 4. Minimum one year volume cooking experience 5. Previous Health Care Food Service experience preferred 6. Understanding of working with older population 7. Ability to work early morning or evening shifts 8. Culinary education required See table 3. 1 Personnels No. f personnels Manager 1 Waiters/Waitress 5 eatery Supervisor 1 Cook 4 Exe cutive Chef 1 Sous Chef 1 3. 2 Type of championship OrganizationWe chose line attribute functional because this type of organization facilitates decision making due to its simpleness of its organizational structure. It also facilitates discipline and control of individuals and to maintain flexibility with organization as a answer a constantly changing conditions and demands of its environment. 3. 3 Proposed Organizational Structure The Italian eatery Di Buongusto is established by 8 people, that classified as corporation. This giving medication has different position as stated below in Figure 3. 3 The manager of the restaurant is the one who manages and control the business/establishment, and followed by restaurant supervisor that supervised & inspect the establishment and also observe the lower position if they do their job appropriately.Executive Chef is a head chef, that guides the Sous Chef in preparing foods that you will serve in the establishment and takes command of the actual production and the minute-by-minute supervision and scheduling of the kitchen staff. , then waiters is the one who receives the orders of the customers and they are the one who serves, the food to them. Dishwasher/ janitor, they are the one who maintains the cleanliness and orderliness of the establishment FIGURE 3. 3 DI BUONGUSTO ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 3. 4 Proposed Management Principles & Practices MISSON A quality and values will secure our success. We will live by our values, have fun, and take pride in what we do. Our values are to maintain a work environment where people enjoy coming to work, to serve our guests and exceed their expectations, and to be profitable and result oriented. VISSONTo provide quality food that tastes good, friendly, attentive servers who make customers smelling welcome and clean, well-maintained surroundings and prices that represent a good value. We believe these expectations must be met every time a customer enters in our restaurants. OBJECTIVES 1. To represent commitment to achieve specific performance targets for a certain time. 2. To be must stated in quantifiable terms and contain a deadline for achievements. 3. To spell-out how much of what kindhearted of performance by when. 4. To increase sales growth. 5. To come socially aware and responsible. CORPORATE GOALS ? To have at least 50% return of the investment after a year of operation. ? To maintain liquidity of summation and availability of cash in hand every year. To introduce and develop new product. ? To have some other branch after 3 to 4 years. ? To introduce and develop new product. ? To have relaxing and satisfied appeal to the customers. RULES AND REGULATIONS ? continuously in proper uniform. ? Punctuality. ? Discourage too much jewelry inside the establishment. ? Always observe cleanliness. ? Be courteous and kind to customers. ? Tips from the customers are centralized. SUNCTIONS ? One (1) week suspension, if an employee bring out food from t he establishment without the permission from supervisor. ? Four (4) tardy marks are equivalent to one (1) absence. ? Going international the establishment in time of work is one (1) week suspension. First Offence = one (2) week Suspension. ? 2nd Offence = two (2) weeks Suspension. ? 3rd Offence = Dismissal from the establishment. 3. 6 TRAINING AND PLACEMENT call the training needed for professional growth. In general, chefs and cooks measure, mix, and cook ingredients according to recipes, using a variety of pots, pans, cutlery, and other equipment, including ovens, broilers, grills, grinders, and blenders. Chefs and head cooks also are responsible for directing the work of other kitchen workers, estimating food requirements, and ordering food supplies. Larger restaurants and food services establishments tend to have varied menus and larger kitchen staffs.They often include some(prenominal) chefs and cooks, sometimes called assistant or line cooks, along with other lesser skilled kitchen workers, such as food preparation workers. Each chef or cook works an assigned station that is equipped with the types of stoves, grills, pans, and ingredients needed for the foods prepared at that station. Job titles often reflect the principal ingredient prepared or the type of cooking performed. Most fast-food or short-order cooks and food preparation workers require little education or training most skills are learned on the job. Training generally starts with basic sanitation and study safety subjects and continues with instruction on food handling, preparation, and cooking procedures.A high school diploma is not required for beginning jobs, but it is recommended for those planning a career as a cook or chef. High school or vocational school programs may offer courses in basic food safety and handling procedures and general business and computer classes for those who want to manage or open their possess place. Many school districts, in cooperation with State departme nts of education, provide on-the-job training and summer workshops for cafeteria kitchen workers who aspire to become cooks. Large corporations in the food services and hospitality industries also offer paid internships and summer jobs to those expert starting out in the field.Internships provide valuable experience and can lead to placement in more formal chef training programs. Process of promotions (criteria) evaluation performance. The new criteria introduce several innovations. With the new guidelines, individuals are not categorized into a single set of criteria. Rather, there is a flexible structure that provides a menu of options, allowing assembly of a profile that reflects the unique combination of activities and accomplishments of each member. The criteria also recognize the richness about their jobs. This structure allows the sum total of an individuals achievements to be considered in the evaluation for promotion. 3. stipend Administration The Di Buongusto (Pizza a nd Pasta Restaurant) will hire one manager with a requital ranging from P12,000 to P13,000 per month. Two Chef with a allowance from P30,000 to 31,200 per month. Five waiter with a salary ranging from P9,000 to P9,932. One restaurant supervisor with a salary from P11,000 to 11,700. Four cook with a salary of P9,500 to 10,400. Three dishwasher with a salary ranging from P9,000 to P9,932. Two janitor with a salary ranging from P9,000 to P9,932. Manager P 500. 00/day X 26 days X 12 months P 156,000. 0 Chef P 1,200. 00/day X 26 days X 12 months P 374,400. 00 Waiter P 382. 00/day X 26 days X 12 months P 119,184. 0 Restaurant supervisor P 450. 00/day X 26 days X 12 months P 140,400. 00 Cook P 400. 0/day X 26 days X 12 months P 124,800. 00 Dish washer P 382. 00/day X 26 days X 12 months P 119,184. 00 Janitor P 382. 00/day X 26 days X 12 months P 119,184. 0 Total salary P 1,153,152. 00 3. 8 Employees Benefits ? SSS ? Sick take ? Emerge ncy Leave ? Maternity/ Paternity Leave ? Transportation tout ensembleowance ? Free food ? 13th Month Pay ? Sack of rice either 2 months ? Perfect attendance (get Php. 500. 00 every pay day) 3. 9 Operating Rules House Rules 1. All employees should go to pieces the proper uniform. 2. All employees should invariably come to work on time. 3. All employees should obey and respect whoever is high to them. 4.All employees must be friendly to the customers. 5. Always smile. 6. All employees must remember that the customer is always right. 7. No resting during working hours. 8. Clean the area always. Customer Rules 1. Customers must wear a proper attire. 2. No wearing of sleeveless shirts, shorts and slippers. 3. Pets are not allowed inside the establishment. 4. No firearms allowed. Fire and Safety Rules 1. attitude and number of fire extinguishers should be decided according to the material stored in the building. 2. Expert advice should be taken in installing fire safety equipments and smoke detectors. 3. Fire fighting equipment and signage should be prominently displayed. 4.All employees must be well-trained when an emergency occurs. 5. An established chain of commands and procedures to be followed in an emergency, including an evacuation plan. 6. Designation of a person or committee to oversee the safety plan and establishment procedures. 7. Make sure the establishment has up-to-date fire alarms, a working sprinkler system and/or fire extinguishers and a first-aid kit and other safety equipment on site. 8. Be prepared for regular fire inspection visits by knowing local fire and safety codes. Sanitation Rules 1. All employees should wear clean outer c percentagehing to prevent taint of food, equipments, utensils, and linens. 2.All employees experiencing persistent sneezing, coughing, or runny nose that causes discharges from the eyes, nose, or mouth may not work with exposed food clean equipments, utensils and linens. 3. All employees should wash their hands before and after working to subjugate contamination. 4. All employees must not use a utensil more than once to taste food that is to be sold or served. 5. Raw ready-to-eat food shall be stored separately from ready-to-eat food. 6. Food shall be obtained from sources that comply with all laws relating to food and food labeling. 7. All employees must have a proper hygiene. Plumbing Rules 1. irrigate service lines must be installed to a point along road frontage of a lot where city water is available. 2.A minimum of 10 between any driveway and the service line must be maintained. 3. Clean-outs must be provided. 4. The blank space owner is responsible for ensuring the integrity and accessibility of the property line clean-out. 5. Must regularly check the water lines of the establishments. 6. Plumbing Inspectors and/or his designee shall make all required inspections, or shall accept reports of inspections by approved agencies or individuals. CHAPTER 3 Management and Personnel Feasibi lity Submitted by 3HRM04 OWNER RESTAURANT MANAGER RESTAURANT SUPERVISOR SERVICE FOOD & BEVERAGES WAITERS EXECUTIVE CHEF DISHWASHER/ JANITOR SOUS CHEF produce

How to Find an Earth Fault on Board Ships? Essay

world transmutation is considered very critical on board a ship. Some ships which tend at 440 V do not have any trip devices accustomed for a single existence fault. However when the operating voltage exceeds 3000V, it is mandatory to have a shield system which isolates when a machinery suffers an humankind fault. How to find out an Earth Fault?The seriousness of the carry out to be taken on an Earth Fault depends on the part of the electrical system it affects. Conventional ships which operate on 3 Phase, 440V, have earth fault indicators installed on all three phases. Any earth fault on a 440V system is considered to be a serious trouble and immediate action is required to identify the faulty unit of ammunitionabout. Any earth fault on 220V or any low-spirited voltage illumine circuit can be considered as important but need not require immediate attention. However, attention should be paid at the next earliest opportunity. determination Earth Fault on 440V circuitWhenev er there is an earth fault alarm, immediately inform to electrical military officer (if he is on board). First action is to check the loyalty of the alarm. Usually there will be a test button which when pressed, resets the alarm and rechecks the condition of the earth fault. If the ship is having IAS (Integrated Automation System), check on the computer in the list of events after which the alarm has activated. If IAS facility is not available, there is only iodine option of isolating each and every machinery in the 440 V circuit and check whether the earth fault indication returns back to normal.Isolation of all machinery, which operates on 440V, is not always possible. Certain critical equipment resembling steering gear and lubricating oil pumps cannot be isolated for when the ship is underway. However changeover can be do from running machinery to the standby one and thus the earth fault can be found.Finding Earth Fault on 220V CircuitFinding an Earth Fault on a 220V circuit is comparatively difficult than a 440V circuit. The main reason being the lighting circuits found all round the vessel. However, any earth fault alarm with respect to a 220V circuit is usually treated as important but not an emergency. When a 220V earth fault alarm sounds, as said earlier, the trueness of the alarm is checked by pressing the test button and consequently investigation can be fathered on each and every 220V circuit.Example Earth Fault alarm sounds on a 220V table1. Check the trueness of the alarm. 2. Isolate the complete Group start panel for a lighting cleavage one by one. 3. Check the Earth Fault indicator for status (still faulty or normal). 4. If faulty, then put on the breaker which is put off earlier and isolate other group start panel for lighting circuit. 5. Once the group start panel is identified, then individual lighting switches argon saturnine off one by one and checked for the alarm condition. 6. When any switch when turned off and thus the condit ion becomes normal, then this lighting circuit is marked and then inspection is done on the event light for abnormalities.Ingress of moisture is most common reason for an earth fault. assemble Idea Instead of turning off breakers one by one for the lighting circuit, I followed a method where I turned off all lighting circuit of a crabby doubted area. This method helps usually when there are two or more earth faults in 220V lighting circuit. By turning off all the breakers of a particular area, then switching on the breaker one by one will eliminate multiple earth faults. When I turned off lighting switches one by one, it was difficult for me to identify multiple earth faults. Once the particular faulty circuit is spotted, then we have to further break them into individual dividable pieces and check them for earth faults. For this as usual, we use megger against earth. By removing fuse of the two phase lines, each line can be tested and the fault pinned down

Principles of Project Management Essay

1. The Commitment PrincipleAn equit subject commitment between the ejection sponsor and the range obstetrical comporty team must exist before a possible hear exists.The regard stag is considered to be the Project Owner who provides resources such as funds, services and general direction. The project delivery team is the virtuoso in charge for appropriate techniques, objects and controls for using the skills needed and work to convert those resources into the required deliverables or product. relations with a Sponsor is a matter of developing a trust and takeing between the Sponsor and the team. Project sponsors should set clear boundaries for appeal and clock time, with which the manager should work. If he/she screwing non provide the concord deliverables within these constraints, concerns must be escalated to the sponsor for a finis.Defined roles and responsibilities A project team in which ALL multitude understand their responsibilities and sincerely believe they cease deliver the goods them. Each person must know how they bottomland contribute to project objectives. Project stakeholders must cast a clear understanding of their roles and responsibilities, to be able know exactly what he or she is supposed to be doing. Project environment is of critical immensity and requires definition and understanding.2. The Success PrincipleThe measures of project success, in terms of twain wreak and product, must be defined at the beginning of the project as a basis for project focussing decision making and post-project evaluation.Success for a project and how it allow be measured after completion necessarily to be defined at the beginning of the project. The most important reason is to provide an on-going basis for oversight decision making during the course of the project. The timing of the measurement of success itself whitethorn likewise need identifying. It is not possible to measure its ultimate success without agreement on the projects success criteria3. The intravenous feeding Trade-off PrincipleThe core variables of the project prudence process namely, product scope, whole tone grade, time-to-produce, and 4 amount cost-at-completion must all be mutually compatible and definitely attainable. The term Tetrad trade-off is kinda an unfamiliar word, but possibly this is the value of the term to stressed that at that place be four crack up but interactive variables which are scope, quality, time and cost rather than just trine as in the old view of Triple Constraint (time, cost and performance.) The advantage of viewing the four as a tetrad rather than choosing only three to form a triangle is that it gives more(prenominal) importance to quality. Of the four, the quality of the product is apparently, and in fact, the most stable.4. The Strategy PrincipleA strategy encompassing first cookery hence doing, in a focuse set of sequential and progressive phases, must be in place. Before the project start, it is very important that consumers think thoroughly about the products, or deliverables they need. They must be prcised and detailed about their requirements to produce a feasible plan. This throw offs managing the project much easier and less risk of infectiony.5. The management principleThe Management Principle begins with how it will be done and who will do it. Policies and procedures that are useful and efficient must be in place for the proper conduct and control of the project commitment.6. The Single-Point responsibleness PrincipleThis principle is an extension of the management principle and is needed for effective management of the project commitment. exposed parley is very important for the coordination of a complicated project activity. A single channel of communication must exist between the project sponsor and the project team leader for all decisions touch on the product scope.7. The Cultural Environment PrincipleManagement must provide an informed and supportive ethnic environment to ensure that the project delivery team are able to work to the limits of their capacity. Whatever methodology or framework you prefer, it must be modified to suit the requirements and needs of your project. Rather than sticking to methodology, the project manager must be able to get used to procedures to meet the demands of the work in wad. the management of the organization in which the project takes place must be supportive and the environment free of obstacles in the way of project progress. (Wideman, Robert Max Bing, John A. Neal, Gerald, 2000)B. Appraise the viability of at least five (5) projects success/ disaster criteria (1.2)To be successful, a project must carry1. Agreement or accord among the project stakeholders the project team, customer, project leader skills and management on the objective of the project.2. A project plan that shows what is capable, shows an overall path and clear tasks, contains the facts and details for calculating the people, money, time, equipment, and materials needed to get the job completed, and will be used to determine development as the project is taking its course.3. Continuous, effective communication among everyone that is concerned in the project in army to manage and organize action, distinguish and get to the bottom of problems and respond to changes.4. A controlled scope or stakeholder expectations management. Everyone involved in the project must know their share of responsibilities. To make sure that everyone concerned understands exactly what can be done within a specified time frame and budget a governing bodyatic method for establishing practical goals for deliverables, cost, schedule, and quality, as well as techniques for maintaining the goals original all through the project.5. Upper management support, managing upward, guiding the upper managers toward appropriate decisions that maintains the project base to bring people and other resources, make guidelines, or remove organizational obstacles.The main causes of project affliction that were place were1. Lack of User InvolvementOne of the reasons why projects fail is that users do not spokespersonicipate in the system development process to the extent that they should. the lack of participation in the project by those who will use the system has proved fatal for many projects. Without user participation, it will cause postponement to Projects because the management has not allocated people to do the work that users should be doing. If a project is to be a success management and users need to be concerned from the start to end of the progress. This requires time and effort.2. Long or Unrealistic Time ScalesThe recognize advice is that project timescales should be little, which means that better systems should be split into specialise projects. There are always problems with this approach, but the profit of doing so is significant.3. Poor or No Requirements paltry requirements are probably one of the most difficult issue that can be faced by a project. The incapacity to identify good requirements has also led to other project delivery problems such as the desire to narrow the scope of the project so as to understate the requirements workload and risk. Users should understand what it is they want, and be able to identify it specifically. if you dont get the job requirements right, however well you deliver the project, the client/business will be dissatisfied.4. Scope CreepScope creep is a risk in most projects. it is the change or growth of project scope. Scope creep more frequently excretes during the later stages of a project, such as programming and testing, than during the earlier stages, such as design. This can occur when the scope of a project is not properly defined, documented, or controlled. This is a management issue alike to change control. Management should be able to figure it all out at the start. A project manager often tries to manage scope creep. Th e goal in managing scope creep is to try to minimize the impact of any changes on the project, such as on the timeline and cost.5. No Change Control carcassBusiness needs are changing even more rapidly than ever before. There whitethorn be unavoidable external requirements over which you have no control, such as rising regulations for info privacy, changed regulatory reporting requirements etc.So it is not reasonable to anticipate no change in requirements while a project or system is being built. However uncontrolled changes play chaos with a system under melioratement and have caused many project confusion and failures. (Anon., 2001)(Suggest additional standard for the projects success/ failure criteria, M1)Other IT project failure criteria by the IT and project managers were* missed deadlines* exceeded budget* cost getting out of hand* many projects fail because they use new or unproven technology. * brusque project definition by the projects owner, perhaps because of insuff icient consultation with stakeholders or their failure to be specific about requirements and desired outcomes. * lack of ownership and personal accountability by major(postnominal) management. * inadequately skilled and experienced project personnel. * inadequate reporting arrangements and decision-making.* inconsistent understanding of required project activities, roles and responsibilities.Other criteria for project success were* meeting the budget* meeting milestones* a well-defined scope and agreed understanding of intended outcome. * active management of risks, issues and timely decision-making supported by clear and short lines of reporting. * on-going commitment and support from senior management.* a senior individual with personal accountability and overall responsibility for the successful outcome of the project. * defined and visibly managed processes that are appropriate or the scale and complexity of the project.(Find other association that uses success/failure crit eria and tell something about how these criteria help the companys projects , D1)The Calvert Social proponent is a stock market index created by Calvert Investments as a benchmark of large companies that are considered socially responsible or ethical. It currently consists of 468 companies, weighted by market capitalization, selected from approximately 1,000 of the largest publicly traded companies in the United States using Calverts social criteria. These criteria relate to the environment, workplace issues, product safety, community relations, weapons contracting, international operations, and gentle rights.This index was created following the success of the Domini 400 Social Index by KLD Research & Analytics, Inc. The Calvert index is used by many so-called socially responsible mutual funds as a benchmark for their performance.These criteria helped the company improve with their business management. They were able to market those specific products that seem to be most cherish ed by their customers. With these criteria, it helped them improve their product development that made them stand out from their competitors. It also helped the company improve business management in the area of finance and because of this, they have built a good business reputation. (Calvert Investment Distributors, n.d.)B. Discuss the principles behind project management systems and procedures (1.3)The Project Management Process suggest three main deliverables be defined before actual work on the project begins. These are the Project Definition, Project work plan, and the Project Management Procedures. The Project Management Procedures explains how the project will be managed, and are an effective and efficient way to communicate the processes to the project team, customers, and stakeholders.Although they may appear time consuming to develop, in most cases these procedures only need to be created once. When you have a set of procedures that allow you to be successful, you can reus e them on later projects. In fact, these procedures can be written at the company or organization level, and then used as the starting point for all projects in the company.These procedures come from the process for large projects. They should be customized as appropriate for your project, your team, and your organization. In most cases, the processes should be simplified for smaller projects. Although this usher is called Project Management Procedures, this document really describes processes. Processes are at a higher level than procedures. You can turn them into procedures by specifying the particular roles, people, and dates that make sense.The procedures that will be used to manage the project will include parts on how the team will manage issues, scope change, risk, quality, communication, etc. It is important to be able to manage the project thoroughly and proactively and make sure the project team and all stakeholders have a common understanding of how the project will be m anaged. If common procedures have already been recognize for your organization, apply them on your project.(Discuss how to integrate human and material resources to achieve successful projects, M2)Every project that involves more than one person requires a project team to get the work done. Building a cause project team will be your primary and most critical task, because the success of the project will rely heavily on choosing the right team members and gaining their commitment to the projects objectives. To utilize the abilities of permanently assigned staff and to fulfill these requirements but if there are required skills that are not available, then other sources must be identified and pursued. Books, educational programs, internet and human involvement go hand in hand to make the task accomplished. With these help, unforeseen errors and miscalculation will be lessened. Coordination will also make time required less for the project to be successful. (Wideman, 1991)(Look for a n existing IT Project of any company and evaluate the project management system and procedures, D2)IS Auditing Procedure P6 FirewallsAn information security audit is an audit on the level of information security in an organization. Within the broad scope of auditing information security there are multiple types of audits, multiple objectives for different audits, etc. Most commonly the controls being audited can be categorized to technical, physical and administrative. Auditing information security covers topics from auditing the physical security of data centers to the auditing logical security of databases and highlights key components to look for and different methods for auditing these areas.When centered on the IT aspects of information security, it can be seen as a part of an information technology audit. It is often then referred to as an information technology security audit or a computer security audit. However, information security encompasses much more than IT.By and larg e the both concepts of application security and segregation of duties are both in many ways connected and they both have the same goal, to protect the integrity of the companies data and to prevent fraud. For application security it has to do with preventing unofficial access to hardware and software through having proper security measures both physical and electronic in place. With segregation of duties it is primarily a physical review of individuals access to the systems and processing and ensuring that there are no overlaps that could lead to fraud. (Isaca, 2003)C. Identify the key elements involved in terminating projects and conducting post project appraisals (1.4)1. Termination activities should be identified in the baseline plan2. Verify that all agreed-on deliverables were provided.3. Organize and file project- tie in documentation.4. Assure that all payments have been collected from the customer.5. Assure that all payments for materials and subcontractors have been paid .6. Prepare a written performance evaluation of from each one member of the project team.(Evaluate the key elements involved in terminating projects, M3)Terminating a project should always undergo a process resources used could be audited and workforce could be evaluated properly.1. Go back to project plan to sum the appropriate balance between resource usage and project duration that directly complies with project objectives. 2. defend or prove that all deliverables that were agreed on were clearly fleshed out. 3. Document and organize all files related to the project. 4. All invoices should have been sent to the customer. All collectibles should be received before closing the review. 5. Payments for materials and subcontractors should be effect as well. 6. Evaluate the performance of the project team and properly document it as well. 7. Conduct post-mortem or project evaluation meetings(Szabelski, n.d.)(Give situations where a terminated project can still be considered again, D3)Hiring a new principal investigator (PI) (or an equivalent person) is the next best solution for projects that were terminated or put on hold. In order to ensure the smooth transition of documents and processes, the old PI should train the new affianceLoss of human, funding and other valuable resources, whether anticipated or not, is the most common problem that may force an organization to terminate or put a project on hold. In order to address this challenge, the affected organization should be able to tap other available resources such as funding vehicles and connections or networks for new hires or experts.If an internal assessment or evaluation of the project showed disconfirming results, resources, processes and even the project itself can be adjusted or modified in order to achieve or fulfill set expectations and objectives. (Orfano, 2009)BibliographyAnon., 2001. Coley Consulting. Online getable athttp//www.coleyconsulting.co.uk/failure.htm Accessed 18 October 2011. Ca lvert Investment Distributors, I., n.d. Calvert Investments. Online Available at http//www.calvert.com/NRC/ writings/Documents/TL10036.pdf Accessed 20 October 2011. Isaca, 2003. ISACA. Online Available at http//www.isaca.org/Knowledge-Center/Standards/Pages/IS-Auditing-Procedure-P6-Firewalls1.aspx Accessed 22 October 2011. Orfano, F., 2009. Feministy.org. Online Available at http//www.feministy.org/business-management/re-starting-a-terminated-project Accessed 22 October 2011. Szabelski, T., n.d. Modern Project Management. Online Available at bpr-project.eu/./project_management_by_tomasz szabelski.pdf Accessed 21 October 2011. Wideman, Robert Max Bing, John A. Neal, Gerald, 2000. Maxs Project Management Wisdom. Online Available at http//www.maxwideman.com/papers/principles/principles.htm Accessed 16 October 2011. Wideman, R.M., 1991. Maxs Project Managenent Wisdom. Online Available at http//www.maxwideman.com/papers/questions/answers.htm Accessed 18 October 2011.

Cloud Computing Now and the Future Essay

The determination of vitiate calculate creates a growing interdependence among both public and private sector entities and the individuals served by these entities. This musical composition provides a snapshot of the advantages of fog computation and the risk areas specific to debauch advantage which clients of asperse services should be aware of. The coming(prenominal) of buy computing is certainly exciting, but moving more of our lives online mover we will inevitably be in possession of to consider the consequences. be confuse computing means dependence on others and that could designate our privacy because of policies to access our entropy, aegis could be a big issue and large companies like virago and Google could monopolize the market. The cloud is a metaphor for the space on the internet that after part store your teaching, as well as applications to manipulate data. It is not clear when the term cloud computing was first coined. For example, Bartholomew (200 9), Bogatin (2006) and some(prenominal) others suggested that cloud computing terminology was perhaps first coined by Google Chief Executive Eric Schmidt in 2006. Kaufman (2009 61) suggests that cloud computing terminology originates from the tele communions world of the 1990s, when providers began using virtual private network (VPN) services for data communication.There is however, agreement on the definition of cloud computing. The National Institute of Standards and Technology defines cloud computing as a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a divided up pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider fundamental interaction (Mell 2009 9). A information processing systems operating system, data and applications are typically installed and stored in the traditional computer purlieu. In a cloud computing envi ronment, individuals and product linees work with applications and data stored and/or maintained on shared machines in a web-based environment rather than somaticly located in the home of a exploiter or a corporate environment.Lew Tucker, Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of pervert reckoning at Sun Microsystems, explained that cloud computing is the movement of application services onto the internet and the increased use of the internet to access a wide variety of services traditionally originating from within a lodges data center (Creeger 2009 52). For example, web-based applications such as Googles Gmail can be accessed in authorized period from an Internet-connected machine anywhere in the world. Cloud computing provides an online environment that is scalable which facilitates the ability to hatch an increased volume of work without impacting on the performance of the system. The Cloud in any case offers significant computing capableness and economy of scale that might not otherwise be affordable to businesses, especially small and spiritualist size companies that whitethorn not have the financial and human resources to invest in IT infrastructure.Advantages include pileus costs and running costs. Companies can leverage the use of large scale resources from cloud service providers and summarize or remove capacity from their IT infrastructure to meet peak or fluctuating service demands eyepatch paying besides for the substantial capacity used (Sotomayor et. Al. 2009 14) on a pay-as-you-go economic model. It can also be significantly cheaper to rent added server space for a few hours at a time rather than maintain your own servers. Rental prices for Amazon E goic Compute Cloud (EC2), for example, are surrounded by US$0.020 and $2.970 per hour in Oregon as an example. Pay only for what you use. There is no stripped-down fee. On-Demand Instances let you pay for compute capacity by the hour with no long-term commitments.As you can se e in the above example the selected usage is 100 hours per month of On-Demand Instances, 10 reserved instances and molarity GB of storage for 50 IOPS and 100 Snapshot storages. The monthly cost for this company would be $1449.41 per month. This could be much more cost affective for a company than buying the hardware and storing the information themselves. The only question is, how unspoiled is this information that is being stored?The risk of cloud computing could be the security of the information being stored by a large company like Amazon. It is still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and when using these services ownership of data is not always clear. In a study do in 2009, a team of computer scientists from the University of California, San Diego and Massachusetts Institute of Technology examined the widely-used Amazon EC2 services. They found that it is practicable to map the internal cloud infrastructure, identify where a circumstance target VM is likely to reside, an d then instantiate new VMs until one is placed co-resident with the target (Ristenpart et al. 2009 199).This demonstrated that the research team was able to load their eavesdropping software onto the same servers hosting targeted websites (Hardesty 2009). By identifying the target VMs, attackers can potentially monitor the cache (a small allotment of fast memory used to store frequently-used information) in order to steal data hosted on the same physical machine (Hardesty 2009). Such an attack is also known as side-channel attack. The findings of this research may only be a proof-of-concept at this stage, but it raises concerns about the possibility of cloud computing servers being a primaeval point of vulnerability that can be viciously exploited.The cloud service providers establish the privacy policies to the companies that do business with them. The businesses are faced with their own privacy and confidentiality being determined by the terms of the cloud service providers. F ailure to comply with data protection legislation may lead to administrative, civil and criminal sanctions. Data confidentiality and privacy risks may be magnified when the cloud provider has reserved the right to interchange its terms at will (Gellman 2009 6).Some cloud service providers argue that such juridical issues may be capable of resolution contractually via SLAs (Service Level Agreements) and the like. Clients using cloud services could include clauses in their SLAs that indicate the law ranking the SLA, the choice of the competent court in case of disputes arising from the interpretation and the accomplishment of the contract. The Cloud Security Alliance (2009 28) also suggested that clients of cloud services should require their providers to deliver a door-to-door list of the regulations and statutes that govern the site and associated services and how compliance with these items is executed.Businesses should control that SLAs and other legally-binding contractual arrangements with cloud service providers comply with the applicable regulatory obligations (eg privacy laws) and industry standards, as the may be apt for breaching these regulations even when the data being breached is held or processed by the cloud service provider. Determining the law of the jurisdiction in which the SLA is held is an important issue. It may not, however, be as simple as examining the contractual laws that govern the operations of cloud service providers to determine which jurisdictions laws apply in any particular case. Gellman (2009 19) pointed out that the user may be unaware of the existence of a second-degree provider or the actual location of the users dataand it may be impossible for a casual user to know in advance or with certainty which jurisdictions law actually applies to information entrusted to a cloud provider.Businesses should continue to conduct payable diligence on cloud service providers, have a comprehensive compliance framework and ensure that protocols are in place to ceaselessly monitor and manage cloud service providers, offshore vendors and their associated outsourcing relationships. This would ensure businesses have a detailed brain of the data storage information to maintain some degree of oversight and ensure that an acceptable earmark and access mechanism is in place to meet their privacy and confidentiality needs. This would also ensure a high consumer confidence level in the entire cloud computing industry. The future looks bright for cloud computing. subsist summer Google made a very large investment in bringing Google Fiber to Kansas City, wideband internet that is 100 times faster than what we currently have today. Faster internet speeds means bigger files can be stored and downloaded from the cloud.Netflix says, Its the most consistently fast ISP in America. Analysts from BTIG Research visited Kansas City last month and were blown away, by the service (Jeff Saginor 2012 1). But at its heart, Googl es attempt at being its own ISP is much more about forcing the entrenched service providers the Verizons and Time Warners and AT&Ts of this world to step up their games than it is about making this particular business a raving financial success. Saginor goes on to say, When I asked the Google spokeswoman what the ultimate goal of all this was, she replied that Google wants to fix the web better and faster for all users. The implication is that they dont want to just do it all themselves. Cloud computing means dependence on others and that could limit our privacy because of policies to access our information, security could be a big issue and large companies like Amazon and Google could monopolize the market.The Cloud provides an online environment that is scalable which facilitates the ability to handle an increased volume of work without impacting on the performance of the system. The risk of the cloud could be the security of the information being stored by a large company. It i s still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and when using these services ownership of data is not always clear. Businesses should continue to conduct due diligence on cloud service providers, have a comprehensive compliance framework and ensure that protocols are in place to continuously monitor and manage cloud service providers, offshore vendors and their associated outsourcing relationships. The future of cloud computing is certainly exciting, but moving more of our lives online means we will inevitably have to consider privacy, security and ownership of the information.ReferencesAmazon Web Services http//aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/Creeger M 2009. CTO roundtable Cloud computing. Communications of the ACM 52(8)Bartholomew D 2009. Cloud rains opportunities for software developers. Dice 29 May. http//career-resources.dice.com/articles/content/entry/cloud_rains_opportunities_for_softwareBogatin D 2006. Google chief operating officers new paradigm Cloud computing and advertising go hand-inhand Zdnet 23 April.http//www.zdnet.com/blog/micro-markets/google-ceos-new-paradigmcloud-computing-and-advertising-go-hand-inhand/Cloud Security Alliance 2009. Security guidance for critical areas of focus in cloud computing V2.1. http//www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/csaguide.pdfGellman R 2009. Privacy in the clouds Risks to privacy and confidentiality from cloud computing. http//www.worldprivacyforum.org/pdf/WPF_Cloud_Privacy_Report.pdfHardesty L 2009. Secure computers arent so secure MIT invite release 30 October. http//www.physorg.com/news176197396.htmlJeff Saginor 2012. What does Google get from supercharging Kansas Citys Internet? http//www.digitaltrends.com/opinion-wh-google-will-never-take-its-fiber-national/Kaufman LM 2009. Data security in the world of cloud computing. IEEE Security & Privacy July/August 61-64Mell P 2009. Effectively and securely using the cloud computing paradigm. http//csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/cloudcomputing-Ristenpart T, Tromer E, Shacham H & Savage S 2009. Hey, you, get off my cloud Exploring information leakage in third-party compute clouds, in proceedings of the 16th ACM conference on Computer and communications security, 07. New Your, NY ACM embrace 199-212Sotomayor B, Montero RS, Llorente IM & Foster I 2009. Virtual infrastructure management in private and hybrid clouds. IEEE Internet cypher 13(5) 14-22Mark D. Bowles (2010). Introduction to Computer Literacy.Retrieved from chapters six and seven. (Awl, 2009, p. 52)